Yes, for code completion, Textastic supports snippets including tab stops, placeholders, mirrors and transformations as described at http://manual.macromates.com/en/snippets

Textastic does support transformations in snippets, but I don't know if that this is what you are referring to.

See https://github.com/blach/Textastic-Customization#templates

Have a look at the TextMate manual entry on snippets for an overview of the snippet syntax. Textastic supports tab stops, placeholders, mirrors and transformations.

If this is not what you mean: Can you give me more details? What do these transformations do?

No, sorry. I don't use jailbreaks myself.

This seems to be the same problem as with .c files and is most likely a bug in Google Drive.

I can confirm that I can not open .c files from Google Drive.

It looks like Google Drive is not correctly implementing this, since it does work when I try to open a .c file from iCloud Drive. So it would probably best to report this bug to Google.

Unfortunately, it is not possible to add a file type at runtime. All supported file types are defined in an "Info.plist" file which is static and must be defined by the app developer at compile time of the app.

I am currently working on it.

Settings -> General -> Language & Region -> Preferred Language Order (use the Edit button in the top right corner to change the language order)